While most new Iranian languages do not have a separate construction to express the future time, Jowshaqani a central Iranian language in northern Isfahan shows a triple construction for future time: a near future referring to immediate future and future certainty, a distant future referring to remote future and future possibility, which is also used for optative and irrealis, as well as a construction for a future imperative. Apart from describing the Forms and uses of the future, this article also examines the historical evolution of the future construction in Jowshaqani, and how the new uses are developed for the older ones. The study of the Form and function of the future tense in Jowshaqani shows that the new uses of the future tense has as optative, irrealis, and imperative meanings which can be analyzedin terms of the relation of the future tense with modality. For expressing near future, the aspect has been aWhile most new Iranian languages do not have a separate construction to express the future time, Jowshaqani a central Iranian language in northern Isfahan shows a triple construction for future time: a near future referring to immediate future and future certainty, a distant future referring to remote future and future possibility, which is also used for optative and irrealis, as well as a construction for a future imperative. Apart from describing the Forms and uses of the future, this article also examines the historical evolution of the future construction in Jowshaqani, and how the new uses are developed for the older ones. The study of the Form and function of the future tense in Jowshaqani shows that the new uses of the future tense has as optative, irrealis, and imperative meanings which can be analyzedin terms of the relation of the future tense with modality. For expressing near future, the aspect has been an important factor in the development of such a near future construction.n important factor in the development of such a near future construction.

Both cardiac structure and hand proportion have been linked with the Fibonacci Series and the associated Golden Ratio - the number 1.618 that has been postulated to be related to functional optimization. In this paper, evidence supporting the relation of the Golden Ratio to the hand and heart is presented. It is known that upper limb malFormations are the commonest skeletal abnormalities in patients with congenital heart disease. Embryological studies on hand-heart syndromes have provided evidence for a cardiomelic developmental field, which is supported by candidate genes involved in patterning of the hand and heart. Precise molecular interactions govern a certain optimal model of cardiomelic development, for which the underlying physical rule remains unknown. It is hypothesized that the Golden Ratio may represent the mathematical basis for hand-heart development so as to achieve optimal Form and function. Deregulation of this underlying patterning law may manifest as variation in hand-heart structure away from that as would be determined by the Golden Ratio. Altered hand proportion in turn may be of predictive value for cardiovascular defects and dysfunction.

Ghandijan is an archaic city from Sassanian era to the early Islamic period.Its remains are located in an area of approximately 600 hectares near a village called Sarmashhad in Dadin district in the southwestern part of Fars province. The ruins of this prestigious ancient city which are identified in the authors' investigation, includes Tell Khandaq, Bahram Caravanserai, Qizqala, Tell Naqarakhane and the single arched building, which are scattered in different parts of the city.Despite the importance of this ancient site and the wide range of cultural materials in its area, comprehensive and detailed studies have not been carried out regarding the shape and function as well as the spatial organization of this city.In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the reason of Ghandijan Formation in the Sassanid era and also its importance in the Islamic era. Also, questions about the characteristics of industries and productions, the state of ancient communication routes, the antiquity and use of ancient artifacts of this city must be answered.The analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of movable data in determining its antiquity, made it clear that the life of this city continued in the Islamic era from the era of the Rashidin Caliphs to the Khwarezmshahs and Atabakans of Fars.The old name of the city probably was “Kandigān” but another hypothesis is “Pandegān”. The early Islamic historians mentioned the name of Ghandejan as a city in Fars state. The context of the city located in the south of Iranian plateau near the coast of Persian Gulf. Sassanid cities were founded on specific styles. Firuzabad was the first City that was built by Sassanian kings in 224 C.E as The first capital of empire. Firuzabad is in rounded shape with regular and symmetrical circle and central core that consist a brick watch tower. The other style based on the ancient Roman cities modeling, The Hippodamus city planning. In Hippodamus style, city was built with four gates rectangular shape and two crossroads(Decumanus maximus, Cardo maximus). Inside the south west of Fars plain near the ruins of ancient city of Sarmashhad rounded moat remains from pre- Islamic period just like the Sassanid city style. The archaeological remains of Sarmashhad present an immigration in early Islamic period. The reason of abondanment is not clarified yet. The reason of Fundament of Ghandijan was spatial situation and connection link of the plain between Bishapur, Darabgerd and Firuzabad to The Persian Gulf. The old roads of Ghandijan has shown the importance of tradeway to Sirāf port in coastline of the Persian Gulf. Sherds of pottery remained on surface of hills in plain. Analysis of pottery style and radiocarbon dating and petrography can represent chronology of the city. In our current studies, we consider all parts of archaeological evidence on the field. Sherds of potteries, mounds, architectural remains and satelite and aerial veiw considered to more provision evidence about the foundation of the city. The key research question is why Sassanian authorities chose this plain for construction of a new city?

“Form” of a sentence is one of its syntactical features that is frequently used in eloquence and discourse analysis of literary and non-literary text. This significance is caused by this fact that “Form” is the chart and scheme of communicational aspect (interactional/ interpersonal) in literature and clarifies the rate of certainty of author’s view and his/her relation with audience. Due to this, the Form of sentence is one of most important subjects which will be discussed under the sections of predicate and composition.From 80th century in west that ideological and discourse analysis of literary (and non-literary) texts are paid due attention, modern critics emphasized that literature is non-personal and objective. They focused on the interactional function of language and considered Form, the most important element in interactional function of language, worth investigating. We reviewed the condition of Form of sentence in Tarikh-e Beyhaqi in limited and special manner (focusing on Zin and Saljuq/ Selcuk). Tarikh-e Beyhaqi is an artistic history that its author has a deliberate intention in keeping the mutual relation with his audience. In other hand, he had used the element of “Conversation” more than contemporary novelists. Due to this, the different Forms of sentences have high frequency in his works. One can propose ideological and discourse analysis analyzing their qualities.